It was raining heavily when we arrived at Naples but the great desire to see this fascinating place kept blind optimism running high. It would not be so bad by the time we reach Pompeii ! On this autumn morning, the bus left Rome heading south along the ‘Highway of the Sun’ passing through agriculturally rich Roman countryside and the Abbey of Montecassino famous for its battle and destruction in the second world war. We stopped briefly on the hill of Posillipo for a view of the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius but could hardly see anything in the pelting rain. The tour leader swore that the wonderful island of Capri did exist.
Leaving Naples behind we crossed the fertile valley of sleeping Mount Vesuvius, passed by small towns and finally arrived at Pompeii around noon. The rain did slow to a drizzle. After 4 hours of travelling in cold wet weather, steamy hot vegetable soup and seafood pasta was most welcomed for lunch. I had interesting conversations with an elderly Irish couple, a soft spoken middle aged Danish gentlemen and two young Argentine girls who were part of our group from Rome.
I had mixed feelings about the state of this ill fated ancient city buried under 25 meters of volcanic ashes, pumice and rocks for almost 2000 years. Excitement was mounting inside as I marched behind the local guide to the archaeological site. Hordes of tourists were clearly visible. Many said this place is over commercialised - swarmed by peddlers and inundated by stalls, shops and every kind of tourist related business.
The entry into the city was through Porto Marina, the main gateway to the city where the shoreline used to be nearby. Silting over the years has naturally reclaimed some land and pushed the sea some distance away. Cubical buildings in stone and bricks on the left side of the street leading to the gateway looked like warehouses. There were two arched entrances - a larger for animals and carts probably carrying salt and fish from the sea and the smaller, for pedestrians.
Beyond the wall, it was another world - an awesome, wholesome, ancient city stood before our eyes ! Many building structures were readily identified by the local guide. With further assistance from a well pictured guidebook complete with maps, visions of a prosperous Roman city of the 1st century came alive.
Our first stop was at the basilica. It did not mean a cathedral then, but an
important place consisting of a law tribunal and business centre. Much of the upper floor of the tribunal had fallen away but the mighty Roman pillars and columns on the ground floor remained intact. They survived the massive earthquakes and ferocious downpour of volcanic discharge from erupting Mount Vesuvius in the year 79 AD.
Pompeii was never as famous as it is today. It started as a small Greek trading post in 6th century BC and prospered only after falling to the Romans. In 63 AD, much of it was destroyed in an earthquake and 16 years later, Vesuvius flared-up after 2,000 years of relatively low activity - burying the whole city. It laid under ashes for nearly 1,500 years. In 1594, its existence was accidentally discovered by workmen digging to make an aqueduct. Since then excavation continued to present day. The ruins, human remains and their belongings all tell of a very sad story. Architectural achievements, scriptures and other tell tale signs such as scribbles on walls provided insights into a once progressive and vibrant society. Regrettably, the tragedy of the yesterdays has now become the archaeologist’s great fortune.
Temple ruins uncovered and statues of gods found in remains of residences were of Greek origin. Signs of prosperity were evident in well laid out infrastructure - roads and drainage systems serving beautifully constructed houses, shops, baths and other community centres. Luxury was reflected in interesting wall frescos and mosaics telling stories of flourishing art and culture. Ancient graffiti provided enlightening episodes of daily lives - neighbourly gossips, ugly notes of hatred and vicious remarks. ‘Advertisements’ of available services in a prostitute ‘business centre’ sparked-off much excitement in many visitors.
The Forum bath attracted no less interest. The structures were very much intact - hot and cold baths, dressing rooms both for male and female. Wall and ceiling frescos and sculptures were beautifully preserved, some bright colours still remaining. The plumbing systems were those of sophistication and high efficiency, a technological marvel that existed some 20 centuries ago.
Opposite the Forum bath, I stretched my neck and peeped into someone’s house. The door was missing, I could not help being nosy but there was a sign on the mosaic floor that patterned a dog accompanied by the words, ‘cave canem’. It meant ‘beware of dogs’. Beyond the long narrow doorway, I could see a little of
the atrium and a small courtyard garden. Later, I came to know from my guide book that the owner had 2 shops on either side of the doorway and it was known as the ‘House of the Tragic Poet’. Perhaps the name came from the dramatic depictions in the wall frescos ….but no further details were available. What a pity !
Wondering further off, there was a bakery with a huge oven and flour mill and a bar complete with barbecue pits. Without invitation I intruded into another person’s house again. This one was big - must be the house of an aristocrat. It had 2 atriums and a fountain with the statue of a dancing faun. The house was known as the ‘House of the Faun’. There was a wall mounted alter for household gods and traces of frescos could still be detected. The door way was alsocovered in beautiful mosaics.
Then reality struck, waking me up from my neighbourly tour. I wanted to spent time at the antiquarium - sadly, the archaeologist’s ‘treasure trove’. Human bones were packed in plastic boxes and stacked up on metal shelves. Plaster castings of human forms immortalise their sufferings during the last moments. It was heart wrenching, most of the forms were seen covering their eyes and noses with their hands against the poisonous gases engulfing them. A man sat curled-up, cupping his mouth and nose with his hands. He was found in the premises of a fullery with a bag of gold beside him. Was he the owner who failed to make his escape ?
Much have been told in documentary books and films on Pompeii’s last terrifying days, claiming thousands of lives. Eye witness accounts, particularly those of a teenage boy named Plinney ‘the younger’ described how extremely powerful and devastating the effects of the eruptions were. Scientists estimated that in every 2,000 years a major eruption of such mammoth proportions may occur. As I gazed at the peaks of Mount Vesuvius in the background, they looked calm and harmless, partially hidden by the clouds. The time is about now, will it happen again ? I hope not. |