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More popularly known as Saigon, the earlier
name before its merger with Gia Dinh Province
in 1976, Ho Chi Minh City is the
largest city and most highly populated greater
metropolitan area catering for over 9 million
residents in Vietnam. It is a municipality
including townships and rural districts with
the heart of the city situated on the
banks of the Saigon River, only 60 km
from the South China Sea.
As the city grew from an ancient seaport
to its present state, it has seen many
triumphs and tribulations in days of economic
success and political power retarded constantly
by troubles of internal conflicts and prolonged
warfare involving foreigners until more recent
times. It began as a small Khmer fishing
village surviving on swampland. Known as Prey
Nokor, it developed into the most important
seaport of the Khmer Empire which was
centred in Cambodia. However, gradual migration
and incursions by Vietnamese from the North
into the area as the Khmer administration declined
led to its eventual absorption into Vietnam
in the 17th century. Nguyen Huu Canh, sent
by the Nguyen Lords ruling from Hue is
often credited with the expansion of Saigon
– then named Gia Dinh into a significant
settlement.
Gia Dinh was officially renamed Saigon when
the French occupied South Vietnam in 1859.
It later became capital of Indochina under
French rule. Today, Saigon actually refers to
only ‘District 1’ but it is still commonly
taken to mean the entire city. The French
left a legacy of many grand buildings
which were still standing after the war
and knowledge of their language in some
older generation residents. After reunification with
the North, re-establishment of foreign diplomatic
relations and opening up of its economy,
it is now growing rapidly.
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Ho Chi Minh or ‘Uncle Ho’s’
statue adorns the square named after him.
It commemorates his legacy of struggle and
victory against foreign domination. In the background,
the imposing western-style city hall building - also
renamed after him symbolises the legacy of
French imperialism (1887-1945) and strength of their
empire in Asia.
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To many modern-day Vietnamese, Ho Chi Minh’s
cult personality is still very much venerated
although his economic policies have been abandoned
in favour of neo-capitalism style development.
The current government has taken positive steps
to open up to foreign trade and investments.
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The ‘Green lung’ in the heart of the
city near some of the most famous sites
in District 1 or Saigon. It is a welcome
sight to provide respite from the heat,
air pollution and noisy traffic. Nearby is
the Paris Commune Square where it showcases
the Central Post Office and Notre Dame
Cathedral.
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Beautiful western architecture in
the interiors of the Central Post Office
built between 1886-1891 in the era of
French occupation. It was designed and constructed
by famed structural engineer Gustave Eiffel
who was responsible for such iconic structures
as the Eiffel Tower and Statue of Liberty.
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Traditional Vietnamese ceramic bowls
and brush for the application of gum at
the HCM (Ho Chi Minh) City Central post
office. Though racing to catch-up with its
neighbours economically, it uniquely embraces its
own customs, art and culture. In the name
of modernity, South-east Asian countries have
increasingly adopted more contemporary and western-like
styles.
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Notre Dame Cathedral is probably
the most famous ‘French building’ in Vietnam.
The twin spires and neo-Romanesque façade coloured
by the red bricks used for construction
outstands many buildings in the city. Construction
started in 1877 by French priest Colombert
and was eventually christened ‘Basilica’ by
the Vatican in 1959.
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Saigon was captured by the Communist Vietnamese
People’s Army from in 1975, hence ending
the ‘famous’ Vietnam War and conflict between
North and South after the withdrawal of
American forces. To the victors, it was
‘liberation for Saigon’ but for the western
world, it was the ‘fall of Saigon’.
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Thien Hou Temple in Cholon (Chinatown) district
was built in the 19th century by the Chinese
community who migrated from the maritime provinces
of southern China. It is dedicated to
the Goddess Thien Hou or Masu who is
the protector of ships and sailors at
sea. Other Taoist and Buddhist deities are
also worshipped here.
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The famous Cu Chi Tunnels used by Vietcongs
as their operational base and escape route
during the Vietnam War is today a war
memorial park. They are a network of tunnels
located at Cu Chi district of greater
Ho Chi Minh City. In turn, they are
part of a much larger and complex underground
network linking strategic parts of the country
especially in the south. They successfully made
it difficult for the Americans to defeat
the Vietcongs.
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Geographically, Ho Chi Minh city is located
in the Mekong delta but delineated as
a municipality. One of the biggest draw
to visitors of the city is an excursion
to outskirt towns and settlements in the
wetlands of the Mekong Delta provinces.
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