Palermo reflects a major part of the history of Sicily, a strategically located island in the Mediterranean where it became a helpless exploit for every major power in the Mediterranean and other parts of Europe including the Normans for 2,500 years.
It started as an 8th century Phoenician trading post and later became Carthaginian and then Roman stronghold. The Arabs moved the capital of Sicily from Syracuse to Palermo and it entered its golden age. For 240 years from the year 831, it became Europe’s most important city after Constantinople.
Under the Normans and Swabians, it continued in importance and declined under the Angevins and more so under the Spaniards. Peasants were virtual slaves and starving. They were ready to defy every government in turn - many to the point of brigandage who, later became known as the ‘mafia’. |