Halong Bay in the Tonkin Gulf is a spectacular seascape of limestone pillars formed from 1,600 islets and islands declared a world heritage by UNESCO. Some limited earth islands were decayed lateritic mountains. Besides its natural scenic beauty, it is also of great interest because of its biodiversity in marine life, flora and fauna and archaeological finds evident of human civilization 10,000 years ago in parts of the bay. During prehistoric times, Halong was a significant port located on the trade routes between China, Japan and other countries in South East Asia.
The drowned karst landscape of the bay was due to the exceptional combination of limestone karst features which have been subjected to repeated regression and transgression of the sea over geological times. At a later stage, the limestones were eroded into mounts of conical peak clusters and isolated towers due to marine invasion.
However, legend has it that the rock pillars were created by heaven to protect the country from Chinese invaders. Halong means ‘descending dragons’. In an impending attack from the Chinese navy, the gods sent a family of dragons who then spitted jewels into the sea. These turned into rock pillars which blockaded the advancing ships. |
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Islands and islets forming a mature landscape of
fengcong (clusters of conical peaks) and
fenglin (isolated tower features). |
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| Floating fishing village in the bay. |
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Sailing in between the islets of limestone pillars with
vertical walls and surviving vegetation. |
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Vertical walls resulting from the eventual rock falls and
large slab failures
following lateral
undercutting by sea waters. |
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View from the island of Tip Top, the sheltered waters
are also host to a number of sporting activities. |
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| The fine sand beaches on Tip Top island. |
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| The green islets are almost submerged in water. |
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The emerald coloured sea and walkway to the extensive
cave system of this large limestone island. |
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The dragon shaped stalagmite formation in Thien Cung
(Heavenly Palace) Grotto
which has many well formed
stalagmite and stalagmite features. |
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Thien Cung Grotto is one of the most beautiful.
According to legend, a Dragon Prince and a beautiful
maiden, May (Cloud) held a grand wedding reception
in the centre of this cave and hence, the immortalised
features of things belonging to heaven -
the ‘dragon’, ‘phoenix’, ‘tortoise’ and 4 pillars
supporting the ‘roof of heaven’. |
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‘Lion’ shaped limestone rock in the outer chamber of Dao Go
Cave or Wooden Stakes Cave which holds historical significance.
It was believed that in 1288, wooden stakes used to
trap invading Mongolian ships at the Bach
Dang River were stored here. |
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A conical limestone islet - fenglin (isolated tower)
karst feature. |