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Ainus or Utari are the indigenous people
of Hokkaido, Kuril Islands and much of
Sakhalin. Their population in Japan today have
dwindled to around 150,000 - living mostly
in Hokkaido and parts of northern Honshu.
Though homeland was established since pre-historic
times, their origin and ancestry are still
being debated by scholars. Their indigenous
status and call to end discrimination against
them were only formally recognised by the
Japanese government in June 2008.
This minority ethnic group has a distinct
language, possess rich cultural inheritances and
practise an animistic form of religion. They
have great respect for nature and the
environment they live in, believing in all
beings having ‘kamui’ or divine spirits living
in them. Offerings and prayers are made
to these ‘deities’.
In Ainu language, ‘Ainu’ literally means ‘human’
(as opposed to ‘kamui’). Some members of
the community now prefer be identified as
‘Utari’ which means ‘comrade’ rather than ‘Ainu’
which has a derogatory nuance implied. Modern
Ainus or Utaris commonly speak Japanese and
Russian languages in addition to their own
and do not follow animistic traditions as
much as their ancestors.
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