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In Vietnamese, the Mekong Delta is known
as ‘Dong Bang Song Cuu Long’ Delta or
‘Nine Dragon River’ Delta because the mighty
river drain into the South China Sea through
nine estuaries. Dragon, in Vietnamese mythology,
is a heavenly creature symbolising imperial
power. Hence, the name reflects the importance
of the region. It is one of the
two ‘rice baskets’ - the other being the
Red River Delta - providing half of the
country’s total output. Vietnam is the second
largest rice exporter to the world after
Thailand.
The lengthy Mekong runs from its source
in the Tibetan mountains through 5 countries – China,
Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. At the
delta it fans out into numerous tributaries
providing irrigation channels to fertile alluvial
soil they deposited over geological times in
the first place. Rice, fruits, vegetables and
flowers thrive on them. The watery environment
are also rich breeding grounds for fish
and other marine life.
Civilisation could have existed in this region
as early as 4th century BCE. In 1st century
CE, it was an important part of the
Funan Kingdom – bustling with trading ports and
canals. Funan is believed to be the origin
of the Khmer empire. The delta region
was known as Khmer Krom and inhabited
by Khmer people prior to the 17th century.
Chinese and Vietnamese (Kinh) migrated southwards
and eventually the region was annexed to
Vietnam during the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945). It
was later called Cochinchina, the first colony
secured by the French in 1867 and subsequently
became part of French Indochina.
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